Relay arithmetic device



4 sheets-sheet 1 Filed Sept. 6, 1957 mvENToR GEORGE MERKEN Emo Emb EmeATTORNEY oct. 11, 1960 G. M. BELQKIN 2,955,760

RELAY ARITHMETIC DEVICE `Filed Sept. 6, 1957 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG. ib

Oct. 1l, 1960 G. M. BERKIN 2,955,760

- RELAY ARITHMETIC DEVICE Y Filed sept. e, 1957 4 sheets-sheet 3 Flam "V150-2 150-3 150'4 ISO-0 G. M. BERKIN l v 2,955,760

RELAY ARITHMETIC DEVICE 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 VCLTAGE ERROR RELAY I I Y iCfj'yg Oct, 1l, 1960 Y Filed Sept. 6, 195'? United States Patent RELAYARITHMETIC DEVICE George M. Berkin, Poughkeepsie, N.Y., assignor toInternational Business Machines Corporation, New York, N.Y., acorporation of New York Filed Sept. 6, 1957, Ser. No. 682,553

12 Claims. (Cl. 23S-174) This invention relates to arithmetic devicesandrmore particularly to an accumulative summing device employingelectromagnetic relays for cyclically adding parallel bits of data andaccumulating the total.

Briefly stated, the-arithmetic device comprises a group of adder relaysactuated in parallel by input pulses, an adder and decoder network ofadder relay points Vfor forming the sum of the input pulses and anaccumulator including a group of storage relays and an accumulatornetwork of the storage relay points for forming the snm -or the numberfrom the adder and decoder network and the number held in thestoragerelays. A group of five storage relays, each of which is assigned arespective one of the numbers 0 to 4, and an additional carry relayprovide arepresentation of a 0 through 9 sum. Only one storage relay andthe carry relay may remain energized at the end of an add cycle, andthis condition is checked to provide an accurate sum or an-errorindication as the case maybe.

It is an object of this invention toV provide an improved relayarithmetic device.

It is another object of this invention to provide an improved arithmeticdevice for adding binary numbers and accumulating decimal sums.

It is a further object yof this invention to providea relay accumulatorin which one and only one digit storage relay remains energized at theend of the accumulator cycle and for which checking means are providedto ascertain that one and only one digit storage relay is energized atthe end of that cycle.

It is another object of this invention to provide a relay adderactivated from parallel bits of data to provide a digital sum and arelay accumulator activated fromthe adder for accumulating successiveadder sums.

It is another object Vof this invention to provide 'apparatus forforming and accumulating the sum of data bits having an input device forproviding-coincident signals indicative of the presence of data bits incycle by cycle succession, an adder and decoder network for forming thesum `of the coincident signals at its output,'and-an accumulatorincluding digit storage relays and an accumulator network activated bythe storage relays and by the output signals of the adder and decodernetwork.

It is another object of this invention to provide arithmetic apparatusfor forming and accumulating thel sum of data bits as heretoforedescribed having self-checking circuits for ascertaining the accuracy ofoperation of the accumulative summing device.

It is another object of this invention to provide an improved relayaccumulative summing device in lwhich each storage relay represents adigit andin which a newly selected digit relay indicative of the newlyformed sum has a fully energized pick coil and .an energized hold coil.A relay indicative of the previous lower order number has merely thehold coil energized and when the hold of both of the relays is removed,the newly selected relay is not de-energized betweeny the time the holdis removed and the time it is restored due toits 2,955,760 Patented Gct.11, 1960 stored energy. The relay of the lower order number isde-energized `due to its reduced stored energy.

It is astill'further object of this inventionv to provide animproved'device for accumulating sums of data bits comprising a group.of operable storage relays, each having an assigned value when operatedof 0 through 4 respectively and an operable storage relay 'having anassigned value of 5 when operated, a group of ve relays,

`veach having -an assigned value of l when energized, a

device forenergizing the adder relays in response to data bits, an addernetwork of relay contacts operatedby the adder relays for forming thesum of the number of adder relays energized, and an yaccumulator networkincluding contacts of the storage Arelays and connected to the adder forforming v'the-sum of adder number and the number indicated by theoperated storage relays and for replacing the latter number by the sumlast formed.

It is a still further object of Vthis invention to provide improvedapparatus for translating values in a rst notation to values in aVsecond notation comprising a first group of storage devicesfor'indivi'dual operation by signals in the rst notationf-avnet-workoperated by the .iirst group of storagedevicesfor adding the values ofthe first notation and producing a total in an intermediate notation,and an accumulator coupled tothe adder circuits including a second groupof storage devices and accumulator circuits operated by the second groupof storage devices "for forming the sum of the values in the secondgroup 'of storage devices and the sum of the Vvalues in the intermediatenotation from the adder circuits in the second notation.

Other objectsl of the invention will bepointed out in thefollowingdescription and claims and illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, `which`disclose, by way of example, theV principle of theinvention and the best mode, which has been contemplated, of applyingthat principle.

In the drawings:

Figures Ala, 1b, 1c when placedside by side in that order as shown inFigure 1d form accumulative summing device.

Figure 2 is a sequence chart showing the timing 'of .the cam operatedcontacts.

Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of the checking circuits.

ln Figure 1, there is shown a positive side of the line `10 andanegative side of the Yline 12 which are connected to source of `D.C.potential, for example, 40 volts. Connected to the positive side of theline is an input device 14 which comprises a group of ve switches 21,22, 23, 24 and 25 whose open and closed conditions express the binarydigits zero and one respectively. Actually, the switches may be operatedby pins which sense perforations in tape or other reading mechanisms,and the device 14 merely serves to illustrate a simpliiied device foractuating the counter. Each of the switches is connected to itsrespective one of a group of adder relays 28, 30, 32, 34'and 36.

A contact 39 is provided to complete a circuit toa clutch control magnet40 for each single or coincident operation of the switches 21 throughV25. The clutch control magnet 40 is arranged when energized, to couplea source of mechanical power to a shaft (not shown) for driving camsshown diagrammatically in the figures which open and close contactsaccording to the timing illustrated in Figure 2. Such electromechanicaltiming devices are too well known in the art torequirea detaileddescription here.

Therelays used may be of any suitable design such as the ones describedand claimed in detail in U.S. Patent 2,540,022.

Each adder relay 28, 30, 32, 34 vand 36 has its own hold coil connectedin vrseries with its normally open one point, lfor example, the 28-1point is in series with the 28 hold coil. The operating straps of the28-1 through 36-1 points are wired common, the common side.being.connected to a diode 41 in series with the contacts 42A ofA a cam 42 to`the positive side of the line V10. The cam 42 is driven by the shaft(not shown) Vwhich makes onerevolution for each depression of the ykeys21 through '25 as previously described, closing these contacts accordingto the cycle timing shown in Figure 2. It will be understood that is thestart of the cycle and that upon depression ofone or more switches 21through 25 a circuit is provided from the positive side ofthe linethrough the contacts of the cam 42, through the rectifier 41,to the holdpoints of the relays 28, 30,

ve storage relays to store numbers O through 9 by ef- 7 fectively addingthe value of five to the value of the .storage vrelay energized.VThefollovving chart indicates hthe code which represents the value ofthe number in the blqulnary notation held in the group of storagerelays:

the input device 14 to energize the adder relays 28, 30, '32, 34 and 36,the latter controlling the adder and decoder network 80 to provide theaddend on one of the output lines 81 through 85.

An accumulator network, Figure 1b, is hereafter described for receivingthe addend from the adder network 80 and forming the sum with'the augendheld in the storage relays 60,62, 64, .66 andA 68.. .A.series circuit isprovided from the line 81, through the 68-2 normally closed and 66-9'normally open points Wired in parallel, the 60-2 normally closed, 622normally closed, 64-2 normally closed, to the 66-2 normally closedpoints, through a line 90 and through the pick coil of the relay 68 tothe negative side ofthe line. A ,diodeV 91 is connected in parallelwithther'elay V68, the anode ofthe latter being connected to the negativeside of the line 12. A series circuit is provided from the line82'through the 68-'3 normally closed and 64-9 normallyopen .points inparallel, the 62-3.points normally closed, the 66-3 points normallyVclosed,.the 60-3 normally closed, and from the V60--3V normally closedpoint to the 66-4 point, and from Vthe 60-3 normally closed point to the64-.-2. A series cir- Storage Relay Energized 68 6 Carry Relay 70Energized N o N63 Nt2 N o i 2 a Number Stored.... V

cuit'is provided frorrrthe line 83 through the 684 nor- E ner'gizationYof the relay 70 and its subsequent de-energization after the countergoes from 9 to 0 indicates a Y carry, and this operation may then beused to carry into v`a tens order` position of similar construction ifdesired. The 72A contacts of. a cam 72 are an input to an adder Y mallyclosed point and theV 62-9 normally open point and decoder network 80 ofrelay points of the adder re- *A* rlays 28,.30, 3,2, 34, and36. Thecondition of these points determines to which. one of a group of adderoutt put lines 81, 82, 83, 84 and 85V the pulse is applied when thecontactsrof cam 72 are closed. The normally closed 28,-2, point isinseries with the normally closed 30-3 l' point, the normally closed 32-4point, the-normally closed 34-5 point, and with the line 81. The -28-2nor- Jmally. openpoint-is-wired in series with the 30-2 nor- .mallyclosed point, the 32-3 normally closed point, thev 34-4 normally closedpoint, the 36-5 normallyr closed Y i ,.point, and the line 81. The 30-2normally closed and the 30- 3 Vnormally open points are wired common onkthe stationary `s1de; 32-3 normally closed and 32-4 nor- @mally openpointsare wired common on the sta Y tlonary s1deand the 34-4 normallyclosed and the 34-5 normal-v" lyopen points are wired common on the stationary side. The 28-2 normally open, the 30-2 normally open, the 32-2normally closed, the 34-3 normally closed and 36-4 normally closedpoints are connected in series to the line 82. The 32-2 normally closedand the 32-3 normally 'i i vopen points -are common von the stationaryside; the A 34-3 normally closed and the 34-4 normally open are wiredcommon on the stationary side; the 36-4 normally closed and the 36-5normally open points are wired corn-V mon on the stationary side The28-2 normall Y y open, 30-2 normally open, 32-2 normally open. 34-2normally closed, and 36-3 normally closed points are connected lnvseriesto the line 83. The 34-2 normally closed and the 34-,3Y normally openpoints arel common, and theY 36-3 normally closed-and the 36-4 normall on oints are common. The 28-2 normally open, Sil-ZPreiorIrnally open,32-2 normally open, 34-2 normally open 36-2 normally closed pointsarerwired in series with the line 84. .Thel 36-2 normally closedA andthe 36-2 normally open pomts are common. The 34-2normally open and the-36-2 normally open points areconnec'ted in series Atoflme y8S.The-transfer of the'points of the addernetwork 80 determines-the sum ofthe number of adder re-V lays energized each cycle andV presents thissum as the` addend `to-the accumulator which containslthe augend. lMorespecifically, a parallel binary input supplied by in parallel, the64-4normally closed point, the 60-4 normally closed point, the 66-4 normallyclosed point and to the 62,-5 Vnormally closed point. A series circuitis provided Vfrom the liner84 through Vthe 68-5 normally closed pointand the 60-9 normally openpoint paral-I lel,VV the`66-5 normally closedpoint, the k64-5 normally closed point and the 62-5 normally closedpoint. From the line.84 a .seriesV circuit is provided through 68-5normally open, the 60-10 normally closed and to the 604 normally openpoint. Another circuit is provided from the 62-3 point.normally open,Vto .the 64-2 normally Vopten point, to the 66-2 normally open point,through a line 92, and throughthe pick coil of therelay66 yto Vthe nega-,tive side of the line.V A diode 93 wired in parallel with Athe-relay 66in the sameY sense that the diode 91 is connectedl to ,the relay 68. AVcircuit-is provided from the 66f5 Vnormally open point to a-terminal94, through a diode 9S, through the 62-10 normally closed points, .andto .the .68-4 normally open points. Another -circuit is `arrangedfromthe 62-10 normally closed point, to 4the 62-.2 normally open point,to the 60-3 normally open points, to the 643 normally open point,through line 96, and-through the'relay 64 to pick-coil to the negativeside of the line. A diode 97 is connected in parallel with -the pickcoil of the relay 64. A circuit is provided from the 6644 normally yopenpoint to the 64-5'normally open .-point, yto a terminal 98, through adiode 99 to the 64-10 normally closed point, to the 60-2 normally openpoint, Vto the 624 normally open point, through a line 100, and throughthe pick coil Vof the relayV 62 Vto the negative side of `the line. Adiode 101 is connected 'in Vparallel-with the pick coil of the relay 62.

Y A circuit is provided fromthe y66-3 Vnormally open point, to the64-4'normal1y open point, to the 62-5 normally open point to a terminal102, through a diode 103 to the 66-10 normally closed point, to the 60-5normalvly'o'p'en point, throughfafline 1.04, and through the relayV60"pick coil to the negativer side ,of the line. r["he stationary strapof Vthe 66-'10 Vnormally closed contact is connected to the V68-2normally open contact, and a diode 105 is connected in parallel withpick coil of relay 60.' A circuit is provided from the line 85 Vto aterminal 106, through'a diode 107, through'the V60-5 normally'closed'point, the 62-*4 normally closed point, the 64-3 normally closedpoint, and the 66-2 point to the line 90. 'ln'Figure 1c, a circuit isprovided fromthe positive side of the line 10 through the contacts of acam 108, the

normally open 109-3 point to the line 90 and to the 'pick coil of therelay 68. A circuit is provided from the liuc 90, through the 1'09-3normally closed point on a line 110, through a diode 112, a line 114 tothe normally closed 116-2 point and through the latch pick coil of therelay 70 to the negative side of the line. A plurality of diodes areconnected as vfollows in the sense shown in Figure lb: A diode 12'0`between the terminal 98 and the line 114; a diode 1124Y lbe'tween theterminal 94 and the line 114; a diode V128 between the terminal 102 andthe line 114, and aV diode 132 between the terminal 106 and the line114.

The relays 70 and '116 are latch pick relays of the type shown in U.S.Patent No. 2,510,604, which when energized has its armature attracted toa latching position where a mechanical latch is arranged to hold thearmature in the attracted 'position until a latch trip coil is energizedcausing the mechanical latch to be released and the contacts to open.

Each of the storage relays 60, 62, 64, 66, and 68 lhave hold coils eachof which are in series with a respective one of a group of resistors 138and a l point to a line 140. The series resistors 138 are of a valueselected so that the relay core is less than half saturated. The line140 completes a circuit through a diode 142, the 42A contacts of the cam42, and the positive side of the line 10.

There are two possible circuits to the latch trip coil of the relay 70as follows: from the line 114, through 116-2 normally open point,through the latch trip coil relay circuit, and to the negative side ofthe line and a1- ternately from the positive side of the line, throughcontacts of a cam 142, through a normally open reset point 109-4,through the latch trip coil 70 to the negative side of the line.

A circuit to a read-out relay 148 is provided from the positive side ofthe line through a read-out switch 149, through the pick coil of therelay 148, and to the negative side of the line. The values designatedby the storage relays according to the biquinary notation are read outin the decimal notation by providing a voltage at one of a group ofcontacts 150-0 through 150-9 where in each case the number following the`dash is indicative of the value in the counter. Read-out isaccomplished by closing of the switch 149 and energizing the readoutrelay 148. Another circuit is provided from the positive side of theline through the switch 149, the normally open, now closed, 148-3 pointto the operating straps of the contacts 60-6, 62-6, 64-6, 66-6, and 68-6Wired common. The stationary strap of the 60-6 contact is connected tothe operating strap of the 70-3 point; the normally closed point of thelatter is connected to 150-1 contact normally open, and the normallyopen point is connected to the 150-6 contact. The stationary strap ofthe 62-6 normally open contact is wired to the armature of the 70-4Contact; the 70-4 normally closed contact is connected to the 15G-.2contact, and the normally open contact 70-4 is connected to the 150-7contact. The stationary strap of the 64-6 normally open point isconnected to the operating strap of the 70-5 contact; the 70-5 normallyclosed contact is wired to the 150-3 contact, and the 70-5 normally openpoint is Wired to the 150-8 contact. The stationary strap of the 66-6normally open strap is wired to the common strap of the 70-6 contact;the normally closed side of the 70- 6 contact is connected to the 158-4contact, and the normally open side of the 70-6 contact is connected to150- 9 contact. The stationary strap of the 68-6 normally open Contactis connected to the armature of the 70-7; the normally closed contact70-7 Contact is connected to 150-0 contact and the normally open pointof 70-7 contact is connected to the 15G-5 contact. The transfer of thenormally open contacts 60-6, V62-6, 64-6, 66-6, Vand 68-6 are indicativeof the numbers 0 through 4 and the operation of the carry relayeffectively adds `tive to the value which the storage relay represents.It will be understood that the presence of a Voltage at individual onesof the contacts is the numerical representation of the number storedand, as such, may be used to actuate a 'printing mechanism such as atypewriter, indicators such as lamps, and other devices of like purpose.

YTo illustrate the operation of the device by example, as-

sume Ythat the device is storing 0, i.e. the relay 68 is energized andthe relay 70 is` not, and further assume that the switches 22, 23 and 24are closed. Operation of these 'switches provides a circuit from thepositive side of the line to energize the relays 30, 32 and 34. At thistime, the clutch is latched up, and the machine is at 0 of the cycle.Accordingly, the contacts of the cam 42 are closed which establishes ahold circuit from the positive side of the Vline through the contacts42A of cam 42, through the rectifier 41, and in parallel through the|30-1 point to the hold coils 30 to the negative side of the line,through the 32-1 point to the hold coil 32 to the negative side of theline, and through the 34-1 point to hold coil relay 34 to the negativeside of the line. When any one of the switches in the device 14 isclosed, the switch 39 closes to establish ya circuit from the positiveside of the line through the clutch magnet 40 to the negative side ofthe line. Upon energization of the clutch magnetV 40, the clutch isengaged causing the cams to turn and depart from 0. At 100, the contactsof the cam 72 close providing a circuit Vfrom the positive side of theline through the cam contact 72A; the 28-2 normally closed contacts; the30-3 normally open, now transferred, contacts; the 32-3 normally open,now transferred, contacts; the 34-3 normally open, now transferred,contacts; the 36-3 normally closed contacts to the line 83; through the68-4 normally open, now transferred, contacts; through the 62-10normally closed contacts to, but not through, the y62-2 normally opencontacts; to, but not through, the 60-3 normally open contacts; to, butnot through, the 64-3 normally open contacts; and through the pick coilof the relay 64 to the negative side of the line. A hold circuit isestablished for the relay 64 through the A contacts of the cam 42(Figure la); through the line 140; through the 64-1 normally opencontacts, now closed; through the resistor 138; through the hold coil ofrelay 64 to the negative side of the line. Since the counter was at 0, ahold coil of the relay 68 has remained energized from the line 1140through the 68-1 normally open point, now closed, through the resistor138, and through the hold coil of relay 68. From the time that the relay-64 is energized until 180, two counter relays are up, namely, the relayl68 and the relay 64. The newly selected relay 64 has a fully energizedpick coil and a hold coil energized through a resistor 138, but therelay 68 merely has hold coil current through its resistor. Accordingly,the core of the newly selected relay y64 is saturated, while the core ofthe other relay 68 is less than half saturated. At 170, the contacts ofthe cam 42 open and break the hold on the relays 64 and 68. At thecontacts of the cam 72 open the circuit to the pick coil of the relay64. Stored energy in the relays delays their drop-out in proportion tothe amount of energy stored and as a result, the relay 68 drops out inless than 6 milliseconds while a newly selected relay 64 requires atleast l2 milliseconds to drop out. The voltage which was used to holdthe counter relay through the contacts of the cam 42 is restored after 9milliseconds at 245. The speed of operation of the cam shaft is adjustedto be such that relay 68 is permitted to drop out, but cam 42 restoresthe hold of therelay 64 before it can drop. The accumulator now containsthe value 3 in the biquinary notation.

With reference to Figure 3 at the top of the drawing, a circuit is shownfor checking the fact that one and only one of the storage relays `60,62, 64, 66, and 68 is up during the time duration of lthe pulseprovidedbythe "7 am 'contact 108 and also to check the fact that atleast one of the storage relays is up. If knone or more than one'storage relayis energized, an Verror signal is provided by a relay 158.VY -In the example given, the checking circuit is asffollows: vfrom theVpositive side' of the line, through the contacts ofV the cam 108,through the normalvly closed 109-2 point, through the normally closed68-7 point, through the normally closed 66-7 point, through the normallyopen, now transferred, 64-7 point, through the 62-8 norm-allyclosedpoint, through the Y(S0-Snormally closed point, and to the V60-7normally open point, Vstill open. Notice that a completed circuit is notavailable to energize error ,relay- 158.Y -If the relay 68 has remainedenergized, for example,-the circuit would be as follows:V fromV thepositive side of the line through Vthe contacts of the cam-108,throughthe normally closed 109-2l point, through the normally open, nowtransferred,

68-7 point,L through Ythe-normallyv-closed l66-8 point,Y

through the-normally open, now transferred, 64-8 point, to the f62-8point, to the 60-8 point, through a diode 159, and through the errorrelay 158 to the negative side of the line.V For the instance in whichthe relay V64 failed to pick lmay be used to control an indicatingdevice, forexample,

a buzzer, lamp or a keyboard lock. Y

In Figure 3, circuits are also provided in the lower portion of thedrawing to check the operation of the re- Alay 70. The input to thecircuit is from the positive side of the line through the contact ofthe'cam 162, through a line 164, through the normally closed 68-9 point,through the normally closed 60-9 point, through the normally closed 62-9point, through the normally closed 64-9 point, and to the* normally open66-9 point. A

.series circuit is provided from theV normally Yopen strap of the 68-9contact, through the normally open 28-7 contact, the normally open 30-7contact, the normally open 32-7 contact, the normally open f34-9Vcontact, the normally open 36-9 contact, aline V165, thenorrnallyYclosed 116-8 point; and the latch vpick coil of a carrycheckrelay 166.`Circuit connections are provided as follows: from the 60-9 normally openstationary strap to the normally closed 28-7 point and to the normallyopen.288 point; from the normally open contact 62-9 tothe 28-9 normallyopen point and to the 28-8 nor- .mallyclosed point; from the 28-8armature to the 30-7 normallyclosed point and to the 32-8 normally openpoint; from the armature of the 28-10 point to the normally closed 30-9point, and to the normally open 30-10 32-8 point and to thenormallyiopen 32-.9 point; and from VVthe 32-8 armaturerto the normallyclosed 34-9 point and to' the normally open 34-170 point. Circuitconnections are maderfrom the stationary strap of the normally open.,669Ypoint to the stationary strapof the v28-10 point, to the armature VVofthe 30-'10 point, to the armature'of the 32-9 point, to the armature ofthe 34-10, Yand to the line 165. The line 165 is connected to the latchpickcoil ofthe carry-check relay 166 through the normally closed 1716-8point. A circuit is provided from i the stationarystrap of normallyopenr109-2 point through Y I.th e 109-5f normally open point,- andthroughgthe latch v trip coil-of the carry-cheek relay 166 tothe-negative side of the line.Y A circuit to the negative side of theline Yis provided from the line 165`through 116-8 normally open point,through-the normally Vclosed 109-5 point, and through the latch ,trip`coil of the relay 166. n Y

The circuit to Y,the error relay 158 is as follows: from the stationarystrap the 1079-2 normally closed point througha combination of the 166-1and v70-2 points in Y parallel, through the rectilier 160 and througherror relay coil 168 to the negative, side of the line. The normallyclosed side of the carry relay points 70-2is connected tothenormallyopen'side of the carry-check relay point 166-1 and thenormally open sideofthe carry relay 70-2 is connected to the normally closed side of thecarry-check relay 166-1. Accordingly, the error relay 158 is energizedwhen the carry-check relay 166 is energized and the carry relay 70 isnot, or when the carry relay 70 is energized and the carry-check relayis not. Therefore, eachtime that Athe carry relay 70 is energized, thecarry-check relay must be energized.

Inbrderrto illustrate the operation of the circuits in connection. withthe operation of the carry relay 70 in the carry-check circuit, it isassumed that the relay 64 is energized as described previously and thatthe carry relay 70 is down `(not latched up) indicating the numberstored of 3. At this time, the contacts 22, 23 and `24 are closed andthe control relays 30, 32 and 34 are energized in the manner previouslydescribed. When the contacts kof the cam 72 close, a circuit is providedfrom the positive side of the line through the cam contacts; through thenormally closed 28-2 points; theV normally open, now transferred,30-3Vpoints; the normally open, now closed,

V32-3 point; the normally open, now closed 34-3 point;

Y the normally closed 36-3 point; the line 83; through the 68-4 pointnormally closed; through the 64-4-normally open point, now closedj tothe stationary strap of the 66-3 contacts normallyV open; to thenormally open 62-5 point and to the terminal 102. A parallel circuit isprovided to the negative side kof the line from the terminal 102 `asfollows: through the rectifier 128thev line 114, through the normallyclosed 116-2 contacts, and through Y the latch pick coil of the relay70. The latchpick relay Ypoint; fromrthe `30-9 armature to the normallyclosed Y is of the type previously referred to with respect to U.S,.Patent No. 2,510,604, and once energized the armature remains in itsattracted position until a latch trip coil is energized, the latterreleasing the mechanical latch. Another parallel circuit is completedfrom the terminal 102 through the rectifier 103, to the 66-10 normallyclosed points, to the -5 normally open point, and through the pick coilof the relay 60. Irl`he hold circuit for the relay 60 is provided.:1s/previously described through the 60-1 point. The accumulator nowcontains the value 6 in the biquinary notation.

With Yreference to the sequence chart of Figure 2, it will be noted thatthe control relays 30, 32 and-34 are held energized by cam 42 throughtheir hold coils from 0 until 170, but that theV pulse available throughthe contacts of the cam 72 to pick up the storage relay for this latestoperation of the switchesV and toV energize the carry relay is notabailable until 100. Prior to 100 (between 20 and 100) the carry-checkYnetwork of Figure 3 is operated, and at this time .the control relaysV30, 32 and 34 are energized with the counter relay 64.V However, it isstill too early-for counter rel-ay 60 and carry `relay 70V to beenergized. Accordingly, the circuit is as follows: from the positiveside of the line through the contacts of the camV 162; the line 164; the68-9 normally closed point, the 60-9 normally closed point; the 62-9normally closed point; Vthe 64-9 Vnormally open point,

Vnow closed; lthrough the 28-,9 normally closed point;

Ithrouglrthe 30-9 normally open, now transferred point; throughY the32-9 normally open point, Ynow closed;

- through the 116-8 normally closed point to pick up the carry-checkrelay 166; When the carry-check relay 166 N "is energized, it will benoted thatV the 166-1 point is transferred thereby completing a circuit'from'the '109,-2

- this time. Thus, the carry-check relay is picked up prior to thecnergization of the carry relay'70. At 100, the

v contacts of cam 72 close and thereby provide a circuit through theadder network 80 to energize the relay 60 and the carry relay 70 in themanner previously described. The hold circuit-forboth the relays 64 and69 are open at 170 and when the hold is restored at 245 through thecontacts of camvr42, the hol'dcoil of the relay 64 has dropped out andthe hold circuitof the relay160 is completed before'the 60-1vpoint isopened.

In Figure 3, the two checks arelmade at 245 when the contacts of the cam10S areclose'd. VThe check to be sure that one and only one of thecounter-relays is up is provided as follows: fromthe contactsrofthe camS through -the 109-2 normally closed point, through the '68-7 normallyclosed-point, through f'the'66-7 normally closed point, through the 64-7normally-'closed point, through the "62-7 normally closed point, throughthe 6047 normally'open, nowtran'sferred, point tothe 60-8 normallyclosed, now open, point. Therefore, voltage is prevented from beingapplied tothe errorrelay 158. A parallel circuit is available from-thecontacts of the cam v108 through the 109-2 normally-closed point,through the normally open, now'transferred, 70-'2 contacts to the 166-1normally closed, now open, contacts which prevents application ofvoltage-to theerror relay 158.

The counter -is reset to 0 (relay 68 energized and relay rmdc-energized)by closing -a 'resetswitch 170 which completes a circuit from thelpositive side of the'line to -the coil-of the-resetrelayl1'0'9. "Whenthe reset relay 109 Vwhich lhave been energized previously-in 'thiscase, the relay 60'hold coil. At 245, the contacts fof the cam 108(Figure 1c) close and provide a'circuit to the relay 68 throughthe 109-3normally open, now transferred,'point through the coil of the relay 68to the negative side of the line. At 245, the contacts 'of the .cam42are closed and establish the circuit forthehold coil `of the relay-68through the 68-1 normally open, now closed point to the negative side ofthe line.

`With reference to the numberlcodingfchart, when the relaycounter'relay5 is energized'and that the carry relay is down, the number stored is a0. When the contacts of the cam 108 close at 245 a circuit'is providedthrough the 109-2 normally open, now transferred, point, through thenormally open, now transferred, 109-5 point, and through the latch tripcoil of the carry-'check relay 166 to the negative side of the line.Energization of the latch trip coil removes the mechanical latch fromthe carry-check armature and permits the points ofrthis relay 166 toreturn to the normal position. At this time, the counter has been resetto 0 by de-energizing the relays 60 and 70 and energizing the relay 68.

To read out of the counter assume the conditions stated before the resetbutton lwas operated at which time the counter relay 60 was energizedand thercarry relay V70 was energized indicating vthe number stored -as6. To read out the counter, the switch 149 is closed -which provides acircuit for the read-out relay pick coil148. When the read-outrelay148.is energized, a-circuitis provided- -gized through its pick coiluntil 340.

from the positive side ofthe line through the switch 149;

through the `148-3 normally open, now transferred,

point; through the normally open, now transferred, 6046 point; throughthe normally open, nowtransferred, 70-3 point; and to the contact 150-6.The fact that a 6 is in the counter is indicated by the presence of avoltage 'at this terminal. It will be understood that this voltage maybe applied to an indicator whereby the presence of this voltage, whichis indicative of a 6, is displayed or recorded. The value of the counteris not destroyed by the fact that the number is read from the counter.For the counter to be read out and reset, it is necessary that both theread-out relay 148 and reset relay 109 be energized in a sequence suchthat the read-out relay is energized prior to the cnergization of thereset relay with a time allowance suicient for the reading `of theterminals v150--0 to 150-9.

In order to properly illustrate the'action of the carry Vrelay 70, it isnecessary that another cycle of operation be explained. For this purposeit will be assumed that the counter relay 60 is energized `and that thecarry relay 70 is energized which indicates a number stored is 6. At 245.of the cycle in -which the relays y60 and 70 are energized, the controlrelay 116 is venergized from the contacts of the cam V108 at 245 and the70-1 normally open, now transferred, point and remains ener- At 338, ahold circuit is provided from the contacts of a cam 180 through thenormally open, now closed, 116-1 point, and through the hold coil of therelay 116. On the next succeeding cycle, the switch 21 is closed whichenergizes the pick coil of the control relay 28, and a hold circuitislprovided throughthe contacts of the cam 42 through the rectifier 41to the 28-1 normally open, now closed, point, and through the hold coilof the relay 28. Also, the switch 39 is closed providing a circuit tothe clutch magnet -40 causing the cams to depart from 0. At 20, acircuit is completed from the positive side of the line through thecontacts of the cam 1-62 (Figure 3); through the line 164, throughnormally closed contact 68-9; the normally open, now closed, l60-9point; the 28-8 normally open, now closed, point; the normally closed30-7 point, and to the normally open 32-7 point, still open. Thus, thecarry-check relay 166 is not energized. At 100, the contacts of the cam72 close to provide a circuit to the relay network through the normallyopen, now transferred, 28-2 point; the normally closed 30-2 point; thenormally closed 32-3 point; the normally closed 34-4 point; the normallyclosed 36-5 point; the line 81; the 68-2 normally closed point; thel60-2 normally open, now transferred, point; to the 62-4 normally openstationary strap; through the line 100, the relay `62 and to -thenegative side of the line. Another Circuit path -rnay be followed fromthe normally open 60-2 point to the normally closed 64-10 point and tothe normally open 68-'3 point where the circuit is open. Still anothercircuit Apath is available from the 64-10 armature to the rectier 99,but not through, since this is the high resistance direction of thediode or rectifier. Accordingly, a back circuit is prevented.

It is pointed out at this time that although the 116-2 (Figure lc)normally open point is now closed, the :armature of the carry relay 70remains in the transferred or latched position, being held there by themechanical latch. A complete circuit is not provided through the diodes112, .120, 124, 128 and 132 to the line 114 and through 116-2 normallyopen, now transferred, point to the latch trip coil of the relay 70 `dueto the `condition of the accumulator network. Accordingly, the carryrelay 76 remains in the latched or transferred position. Now, thestorage relay 62 is energized and the carry'relay remains latched sothat the number stored is a 7. At 245 when the tests are made in Figure3, fthe contacts of the cam V108vclose, and a circuit is providedthrough the 109-2 point normally closedrthrough the v68-7 normallyclosed point.;y

l sands.

the 66-7 normally closed point; the -64-7 normally closed transferred,point where the circuit is broken.V lIt is .pointed out at this timeythat when the network to` the carry-check relay 1'66 was energized bythe closing of the contacts of the cam 162, the lcircuit was open at the32-7 normally open point.v However, the carry-check relay 166 is of Vamechanical latching type mentioned previously and remains latched withthe contacts transferred until energization of 'its latching -trip coil.In this instance, the 116-8 normally open contacts are transferred, butthe voltage is not available to the line 165 fand accordingly the latchtrip coil 166 cannot be energized. However, it is pointed out that whenthe' number stored is 9 and an additional digit is added to change thecounter value from 9 to O or some other higher order number, a circuitis providedfrom the contacts of the cam 162 through the network andthrough the 116-8 normally open, now transferred, point, through the109-5 normally closed point, and through the coil of the 166 latch triprelay to the negative Yside of the line.

This releases the armature of the relay A166 from its latched position.It is this transition from 9 to 0 when the carry relay `l is dropped outthrough energization of its latch trip coil via the control point 11-6-2Vthat a Y carry may be sent to the next higher order position. v

VThe diodes 41, 95, 99, 103, 107, 112, 120, 124, 128,

iaasmeo V132 142 are for the purpose of preventing back circuits.

The diodes 91, 93, 97, 101 and 105 are for the purpose of dissipatingthe energy of the coils with which-they are connected in parallel.' Whenthe relay 68, for example, is energized the diode 91 is biased so thatit 4does not conduct; however, when the voltage is removed `from thecoil and the polarity of the coil reverses, the diode is biased so thatit presents a low resistance to the flow of current and the current owsreadily in the loop.

While this explanation has concerned a Vunits position, it is to beunderstood that multiple Ydevices may be used, for example, toaccumulate tens, hundreds, thou- Furthermore, while there have beenshown a set of switches 21 through 25 for supplying single bits in"parallel to the adder, it is understood that the number of switches andadder relays is merely illustrative and that .the relay network may beexpanded or contracted to accommodate a greater or lesser number'V ofinputs.

While there has been shown and described and pointed out the fundamentalnovel features of the invention as applied to a preferred embodiment, itwill be understood that various omissions and substitutions andrchangesin the form and details of the device illustrated and in its operationmay be made by -those skilled -in the rart withrou-t departing from thespirit of the invention. vIt is the .input apparatus having channelsforsupplying signals indicative of binary bits of data for each channel, afirst plurality of storage devices, one forV each of said input channelsand each operable in response to a data signaL' 'an adder and 'decodernetwork including switches operated'by said storage devices effective toprovide the sumY lof said data signals designated the addend at the oneof a plurality of output lines of said network corresponding to theValue of the sum of said input signals, an accumulator connected to saidoutput Ilines including a second plurality of storage devices operablysettable-in bistable states for storing an accumulated sum designatedthe augend and an accumulator network of contacts operrated in responseto the 'states'of said second storagede-` vices and Vcoupled tosaidadder, and decoder network to receive the addend therefrom, to add thelatter to the Y augend according to the operated contacts, and to formthe sum by setting selected ones vof said accumulator storage devices,and means'for resetting said storage devices representing the augendwhen said sum is formed.

2. An accumulative summing device comprisinginput apparatus havingchannels for supplying signals indicative of binary bits for eachchannel, a plurality-of add magnets one for each input channel and eachoperable to transfer switches Vin response to a binarybit, an adder anddecoder network including said switches operated -by said'magnets Vforproviding the sum of said binary bits as the addend 'at its output, andaccumulator apparatus including a plurality of storage magnets eiectiveto transfer switches when operated and to hold an augend in thebiquinary notation and including'an accumulator network having circuitsand said switches operated by said storage magnets connected to theoutput of said adder and decoder network and elective to receive saidaddend therefrom, to add the latter to said augend held by said storagemagnets, and to form a sum, and means to store the sum lastformed-'inrsaid storage magnets.

3. An arithmetic device for accumulating the sums of data bitscomprising storage means including bistable devices for holding anaccumulated total when operated, t

sensing means including bistable devices cyclically oper- `Vable inresponse-to data bits, adding means including a network of switchesoperated in response to said sensing means and effective to cyclically-form the sum of the data bits, accumulating means connected to Vsaidadding means and including a network of switches operated by saidstorage means Yeffective to accumulate the sum from saidV adding means'and the sum held in said storage means, and means for retaining thelast-formed accumulative sum in said storage means.

4. Arithmetic apparatus for translating values of a plurality of ordersin a first notation to values of one order in a second notationcomprising a rst plurality of storage devices, one for each'of saidorders in a -first notation and each elective when operated for storinga value of said rst notation, actuating means coupled to said storagedevices for operating the latter in response to values in said firstnotation, adder means coupled to said storage devices having a pluralityof outputs, Veach of said outputs corresponding to a value inanrintermediate notation when operated, and elective to operate one ofsaid outputs in response to operation of said storage devices,accumulator means coupled to said outputs of said adder means includinga second plurality of storage devices eiective when operated for storingvalues of one order in the second notation and circuits responsive tothe outputs of said adder means and said second plurality of storagedevices for forming the sum of the value in said intermediate notationand the value in said second notation, and means for storing thelast-formed sum'in said second plurality of storage devices.

5. In an arithmetic device for accumulating the sums of data bitscomprising a group of five operable storage relays, each representing anumber 0 through 4 respectively when operated, and another operablestorage relay representing plus tive when operated, said storage relayseiective to hold a sum of 0 through 9 when said group of relays areoperated singly and in combination with said plus ve relay, a group ofadder relays, each representing a one when energized, apparatus coupledVto said adder'relays Y:for energizingthe latter relays in response 'todata bits, a rst network of circuits and contacts operably connected tosaid adder'relays for forming the sum ofthe data bits, a'second networkconnected to said iirst network Vand operated by contacts ftsaid storagerelaysV and effective to accumulate the'sum from said iirst network'withthe sum held by`said-.s'torage relays, and'apparatus for'replacing the Yprior accumulated asetsveo 13 sum held by said storage relays with theaccumulated sum last formed.

6. A claim in accordance with claim 5 having means for ascertaining theaccuracy of operation of the accumulative summing device comprisingdetecting circuits operable in response to said storage relays for thevalues of O through 4 for ascertaining that one and only one of saidstorage relays exclusive of said plus five relay is energized when eachsum has been accumulated, means including circuits operable in responseto said adder relays and said storage relays for operating a checkingrelay, and an error checking circuit for ascertaining that said checkingrelay and said relay representing plus ve are energized and de-energizedcoincidently, and means responsive to said detecting circuits and saidlastmentioned means for indicating a failure in operation.

7. An accumulative summing device having a plurality of storage relays,each having a coded representation for representing the value of a sumwhen energized singly and in coded combinations, a plurality of adderrelays, means actuating said adder relays in parallel in response toindividual data bits, means including contacts operated from said adderrelays for serially forming the sum of said data bits on one of aplurality of output lines, means including an accumulator networkoperated in response to the contacts of said storage relays and saidsignals from said output lines of said adder for forming the snm of saidnumbers stored from said adder and storing the same.

8. An arithmetic device for accumulating sums of data bits comprising agroup of operable storage magnets, each representing a designatednumerical value when operated of through 4 respectively, an operablecarry magnet having a value representing 5 when operated, a group oftive adder magnets each having an assigned value of l when energized,means for energizing said adder magnets -in response to data bits, addermeans including a network of circuits and contacts operated by saidadder magnets for forming a sum of the data bits, accumulator meansincluding a network having circuits and contacts operated by saidstorage magnets connected to said adder and effective to add the sum ofthe data bits to the number designated by said operated storage magnetsto form a result, means for storing the result thus formed in saidstorage magnets, and means for indicating the accumulated result storedin said storage magnets.

9. An accumulative summing device comprising, in combination, an inputdevice for providing coincident signals indicative of the presence ofnumerical values in a first notation in cycle by cycle succession, meanscoupled to said input device including a rst network having a pluralityof output terminals, one for each value of an intermediate notation, andeiective for cyclically forming the sum of the coincident signals,converting the same to the intermediate notation, and presenting the sumat the one of the terminals corresponding with the sum value, andaccumulator means connected to said terminals noluding a plurality ofstorage devices eiective when operated to hold an accumulated sum in asecond notation and including apparatus operated in response to the sumat one of the terminals of said rst network and to said storage devicesfor adding the values associated therewith and forming a result in asecond notation and storing the same in said storage devices whenoperated, and means associated with said storage devices and cyclicallyeiective when said result is formed whereby said storage devicesrepresenting said accumulated sum 14 are not held `and said storagedevices representing said result are operated.

l0. An accumulative summing device comprising, in combination, an inputdevice for providing coincident signals indicative of the presence ofvalues in a plurality yof orders in a rst notation in cycle by cyclesuccession, means coupled to said input device including an adder landdecoder network for cyclically forming the sum of said values andconverting the same to an intermedia-te notation at one of a pluralityof outputs, accumulator means including storage apparatus and yanaccumulator network operated in response to said storage devices and bythe output of said adder and decoder network for forming andaccumulating the sum of said values in a second notation and meanscoupling the output of said adder and decoder network to saidaccumulator network.

1l. A plurality of parallel data channels, means sequentially providingdata pulses to said channels in parallel, a first plurality of settablestorage devices, each connected to a data channel and operable inresponse to data pulses, summing means including a plurality ofswitchable circuits operable in response to the setting of said storagedevices for successively forming in parallel the sum of the data pulses-at the one of a plurality of output lines corresponding to the sum,accumulator means including a second plurality of settable storagedevices and an accumulator network actuated in response to said secondplurality of storage devices and by the sum of said output lines fromsaid summing means for forming the sum serially and retaining the latterin said second plurality of storage devices.

12. Apparatus for forming the sum of two or more numbers comprising afirst plurality of electromechanical relays one for each number to besummed, means for selectively energizing said relays to represent thenumbers to be summed, adding circuits including a first plurality ofswitches controlled by said iirst plurality of relays for forming thesum of said numbers, a second plurality of electromagnetic relayseffective for holding a sum when operated and each having a first and asecond coil, accumulating circuits including a second plurality ofswi-tches controlled by said second plurality of relays for accumulatingthe sum from the adding circuits and the sum held in said secondplurality of relays, means operating said second plurality of relays torepresent the sum -from said accumulating circuits by energizing saidfirst and second coils of selected ones of said relays to represent arst sum and subsequently operable means for de-energizing said rst coilof said selected coils representing said first sum, energizing saidfirst and second coils of lselected ones of said relays to vrepresent asecond sum, and de-energizing said second coil of said selected coilsrepresenting said iirst sum.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS2,364,540 Luhn Dec. 5, 1944 2,473,444 Rajchman June 14, 1949 2,787,415Cartwright Apr. 2, 1957 2,873,914 Hebel Feb. 17, 1959 2,906,458 SvobodaSept. 29, 1959 OTHER REFERENCES Proceedings of the Association forComputing Machinery (Auerbach), published by Richard Rimbach Associates,Pittsburgh 12, Pa., 1952 (page 71 relied on).

